Key Vocabulary
Anther
The pollen-producing tip of a stamen.
Chromosome
One of the threadlike "packages" of genes and other DNA in the nucleus of a cell. In reproduction, offspring receive half of their chromosomes from the male parent and half from the female parent.
Fertilization
In plants, the union of parental chromosomes (found in the pollen and the eggs) to produce a seedling.
Genetics
The scientific study of DNA, the genes, or the chromosomes - the physical structures that guide development and are the basis of inheritance.
Gene
The functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring. Genes are pieces of DNA, and most genes contain the information for making a specific protein.
Germination
The sprouting of a plant seed.
Ovary
In flowering plants, the part of the flower which encloses the ovules. When the ovary matures, it becomes the fruit.
Ovule
In plants, the structure which contains the eggs and gives rise to the seed.
Petal
One of the outer appendages of a flower, located between the outer sepals and the stamens. Petals often display bright colors that serve to attract pollinators.
Pistil
The seed-bearing, "female" part of a flowering plant.
Pollen
The male sex cells of a flowering plant produced by the anther; pollen usually appears as a fine dust.
Pollination
The process of transferring the pollen from its place of production to the place where the egg cell is produced. This may be accomplished by the use of wind, water, insects, birds, bats, or other means. Pollination is usually followed by fertilization.
Sepal
The outermost structure of a flower which serves to enclose and protect the flower bud before it has bloomed.
Stamen
The "male" part of the flower, the tip of which produces pollen and is called the anther.
Sources:
University of California Museum of Paleontology - Botany Glossary
The Talking Glossary of Genetic Terms
California Department of Public Health Glossary
